Adriaan de Groot (1914-2006) was a strong chess player who represented Holland at three Olympiads.

But his real claim to fame is his groundbreaking book Thought and Choice in Chess, his thesis of 1948 which inspired a breakthrough in empirical cognitive science.

De Groot conducted experiments with great chess players as Euwe, Alekhine, Fine and Keres, as well as amateur players of different levels.

Some of the results are perplexing (GM's do NOT calculate deeper than advanced amateurs!), and the protocols of how players think aloud are truly fascinating and instructive.

This scientific classic about chess has been out of print for more that two decades.

Please have a look at it here.